Applied Chemistry and (Bio) Medicine
NANOGREEN - CHEM - (BIO) - MED
Design and synthesis of nano-structured materials and nano-composites; preparation and surface modification of bio-materials; immobilization of active chemical species and drugs onto nano-structured supports; physico-chemical characterization of materials and their application in green chemistry and (bio) medicine, with a particular focus on antimicrobial properties and anticancer activity potential of newly developed materials and chemical species.
Optimized nano-structured multifunctional materials and processes, applications in green chemistry and medicine,
antimicrobial and anticancer activity
Synthesis of optimized multi-functional nano-materials; development and optimization of hydrothermal synthesis processes; application of dip-coating and spin-coating techniques in materials fabrication; use of electro-phoretic deposition in material preparation; chemical modification of bio-materials; comprehensive physico-chemical characterization of materials; and their application in various fields, including sorption processes and heterogeneous catalysis aimed at green chemistry and sustainable development.
Additional expertise includes applications in (bio) medicine, such as evaluation of antimicrobial activity of nano-materials and synthesized drugs against selected bacterial strains, as well as investigation of the anticancer potential of newly designed platinum- and palladium-based chemical species immobilized onto nano-structured supports, studied through both in vitro and in vivo experimental systems.
Conventional methods for the treatment of polluted water, air, and soil are often insufficient in terms of efficiency, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, unconventional and innovative technological solutions based on green chemistry principles are essential for achieving sustainable development. It is widely recognized that the development of new technologies is intrinsically linked to the design and implementation of new materials.
Selected nano-metric oxides and sulfides occupy an important position among advanced nano-materials due to their favorable chemical and thermal stability, durability, and low toxicity. The increasing use of nano-metric oxides in various applications necessitates further optimization of synthesis procedures as well as a deeper understanding of their functional potential.
Nano-composite materials are particularly attractive from both scientific and practical perspectives. Nano-composites exhibiting well-defined structure, desirable physico-chemical properties, and adequate resistance represent promising candidates for applications in green chemistry processes.
The synthesis of selected multi-functional nano-structured materials can be achieved through an improved one-step hydrothermal process under optimized temperature and pressure conditions and controlled gas atmosphere. Furthermore, advanced thin films and nano-material coatings can be fabricated using dip-coating and/or spin-coating techniques under carefully optimized parameters, including humidity, deposition rate, and rotational speed, temperature, and gas atmosphere.
An electro-chemical approach will be employed as a versatile and sustainable strategy for the synthesis and surface engineering of nano-structured materials and nano-composites. Controlled electro-deposition processes, conducted using a standard potentiostat, will enable precise regulation of nucleation, growth kinetics, morphology, and thickness of functional inorganic layers through adjustment of electro-chemical parameters such as applied potential, current density, and deposition time. In parallel, electro-phoretic deposition (EPD), driven by a low-voltage DC power supply, will be applied for the fabrication of uniform and adherent coatings from stable colloidal suspensions of nano-particles and hybrid systems. The combination of electro-deposition and EPD allows the preparation of multi-functional coatings at low temperatures, compatible with sensitive substrates and bio-materials, while minimizing the use of hazardous reagents in accordance with green chemistry principles.
Gradual modulation of composition, thickness, or porosity across the deposited layers allows the design of materials with spatially tailored physico-chemical and biological functionalities. In addition, the use of a potentiostat provides a powerful platform for probing the redox behaviour and electro-chemical characteristics of selected chemical species and bio-molecules.
In situ electro-chemical techniques, including cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry, will be used to monitor and optimize material formation and interfacial properties. This electro-chemical framework is experimentally feasible under standard laboratory conditions and provides a scalable platform for producing functional materials tailored for applications in green chemistry and (bio) medicine.
Complete physico-chemical characterization of the synthesized nano-materials will be performed, including analysis of pore structure and pore size distribution, textural properties, crystal structure and phase composition, thermal stability, morphology, surface characteristics, and electro-chemical behaviour. Characterization techniques will include BET surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and cyclic voltammetry. Selected characterization methods will be conducted in situ where applicable.
Planned applications in green chemistry aimed at sustainable development will involve evaluation of the synthesized materials in heterogeneous catalysis, adsorption processes, and combined catalytic–adsorptive systems. Optimization of key operational and material-related parameters will be systematically pursued in order to maximize process efficiency and sustainability.
In parallel, modern nano-composite materials are inherently multi-functional, and one of their most important application domains is (bio) medicine. Accordingly, the biomedical potential of selected nano-materials will be thoroughly investigated.
The antimicrobial activity of selected nano-materials and chemical species immobilized onto nano-structured supports will be evaluated against representative Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi, using a modified standard test methods.
The evaluation of the anticancer potential of newly designed platinum and palladium complexes will be conducted through a multi-tiered experimental strategy that integrates in vitro cytotoxicity profiling, mechanistic analysis of cell death, and in vivo validation in murine tumor models. This approach is intended to characterize not only the direct effects of the complexes on tumor cell survival but also their influence on tumor progression, immune cell infiltration, and systemic cytokine signaling. All in vitro analyses will utilize authenticated human and murine cancer cell lines representing breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, urogenital cancers and melanoma, selected to cover a spectrum of distinct tumor pathologies and to parallel the malignant conditions modeled in vivo.
In vitro cytotoxicity will first be assessed using viability- and membrane-integrity-based assays to determine dose–response characteristics and establish comparative potency profiles for the metal complexes. The MTT assay will be used as a primary measure of metabolic activity, serving as an indicator of overall cell viability following compound exposure. In parallel, the neutral red uptake assay will provide a complementary indicator of lysosomal integrity, enabling differentiation between early metabolic disturbances and subsequent organelle damage. Membrane integrity will be further evaluated using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, in which elevated extracellular LDH reflects loss of plasma membrane stability and progression to late-stage cytotoxicity. To elucidate the mode of cell death, Annexin V/propidium iodide (Annexin V/PI) flow cytometric analysis will be performed, allowing discrimination among viable, early apoptotic, late apoptotic, and necrotic cell populations. Together, these in vitro assays will enable the determination of concentration ranges that exert measurable biological effects, and these ranges will guide dose selection for in vivo experimentation.
In vivo antitumor efficacy will be evaluated in murine models of breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and melanoma. Tumor-bearing mice will receive systemic administration of doses extrapolated from in vitro findings, with adjustments made to ensure tolerability according to pilot observations. Tumor growth and progression will be monitored throughout the study period using serial volumetric measurements or imaging techniques appropriate to the specific tumor model. At the study endpoints, tumors will be collected for detailed histological examination to assess the extent of tumor cell death, tissue remodeling, vascular changes, and morphological alterations associated with treatment. In addition, the phenotype and functional characteristics of tumor-infiltrating immune cells will be examined using immunological assays such as multicolor flow cytometry or immunohistochemically analysis. These evaluations will quantify key immune cell subsets, including T lymphocyte populations, macrophage subsets, and dendritic cells, and will assess markers of activation, exhaustion, or immunosuppressive activity to better understand the immunological consequences of treatment.
To complement the tissue-level analyses, systemic immune responses will be assessed by measuring serum cytokine profiles. Serum samples collected from experimental mice will be analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods to quantify cytokines with known roles in tumor biology. The assessed cytokines will include pro-tumorigenic mediators associated with inflammation-driven tumor progression as well as tumor-suppressive cytokines that contribute to the suppression of antitumor immunity and/or progression of apoptotic processes. Patterns of cytokine expression will be compared across treatment and control groups to determine whether the platinum or palladium complexes alter systemic cytokine dynamics in a manner consistent with their antitumor activity. Integrating these cytokine data with tumor growth metrics, histological findings, and immune infiltration patterns will support a comprehensive understanding of how these complexes influence both tumor cells and the host immune environment.
Together, the combined results of the in vitro and in vivo experiments will provide a detailed evaluation of the anticancer potential of the newly developed platinum and palladium complexes. Correlating cellular-level effects with organism-level outcomes will enable the identification of mechanistic pathways underlying the therapeutic activity of newly synthesized, selected complexes and will inform future optimization efforts aimed at improving their efficacy and safety.
- 2013-2015 Innovation project funded by the Ministry of Science of Serbia ID 451-03-2802/2013-16/11 and industry,
Design and development of a potentiostat with electrochemical sensors for monitoring the quality of wastewater and other water sources, and for the electrochemical characterization of micro-alloyed and nanostructured materials (cooperation with industry)
- 2020 – 2022 The Proof of Concept program, Republic of Serbia Innovation Fund ID 5726 and industry,
Realization of a new measurement system for the monitoring of Pb2+ concentration in water (cooperation with industry)
- 2022-2023. Technology Transfer Program (TT Program), Republic of Serbia Innovation Fund ID 1126 Design and realization of a new measurement system based on electrochemical sensor for the monitoring Pb2+ ions in water“ (cooperation with industry)
- Philip Morris International Co.
Positive international cooperation of team members is above cited and proved by joint articles, publications,
grants, projects and programs.
| # | Name | Role | Institution | Title | ORCID | PhD | Expertise | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Aleksandra Zarubica | leader | Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Nis | Full Professor | 0000-0002-0368-0596 | Yes | zarubica2000@yahoo.com | nano-structured multifunctional materials, chemical species and drugs - design, synthesis, characterization and optimization, the applications in green chemistry and medicine |
| 2 | Vladislav Volarevic | distinguished | Faculty of Medicine, University of Kragujevac and University of Nis | Full Professor | 0000-0002-9057-9460 | Yes | vladislav.volarevic@gmail.com | investigation of anticancer activity of drugs and chemical species |
| 3 | Marjan Randjelovic | member | Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Nis | Full Professor | 0000-0002-4506-7562 | Yes | hemija@gmail.com | nano-structured materials preparation, characterization and application of the materials and chemical species |
| 4 | Ljubomir Dinic | member | Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis | Assistant Professor | 0009-0009-8188-3143 | Yes | urogenital cancers, anticancer activity of chemical species and drugs | |
| 5 | Milan Lazarevic | member | Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis | Assistant Professor | 0000-0001-8898-948X | Yes | anticancer activity of chemical species and drugs, hematology, blood transfusion | |
| 6 | Radomir Ljupkovic | member | Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Nis | Reasearch Assistant Professor | 0000-0002-5828-1816 | Yes | nano-structured materials preparation, characterization and application of the materials and chemical species |